Blueprint for Energy Storage Systems. 1 Standard.

Different applications.
The same need for a coherent energy architecture.

One site. Multiple energy systems.

This is where we begin.

Airports connect terminals, parking, logistics, charging, data infrastructure, airside operations and critical power supply. eSAF and Power-to-Liquid projects add high-capacity process loads and demanding electrical interfaces.

Most projects do not begin with a complete transformation. They begin with one defined constraint: grid capacity, a transformer upgrade, better use of solar power, storage, charging, resilient supply or a future production load.

Understand the site.
Clarify the objective, stakeholders, existing infrastructure and operating constraints.

Structure the project.
Organise and plausibilise the available site, load, generation and operating data. Identify material gaps. Define the functional scope.

Enable implementation.
Determine the required capabilities and coordinate the route to suitable EPC and specialist providers for detailed assessment and delivery.

From requirement to delivery route.
Solve today's need. Keep tomorrow's options open.

Start with the right first module.

Most sites do not need a theoretical masterplan as their first step. They need a clear project boundary, the right information and a credible route to detailed engineering and delivery.

These outputs support project definition and provider engagement. They do not replace detailed engineering, statutory planning or contractual performance guarantees.

Tangible project outputs

A structured basis for the next technical decision.

Site Energy Baseline

The available picture of generation, loads, grid connection, transformers, operating patterns and known constraints.

Functional Infrastructure Scope

A clear description of what the next infrastructure module needs to achieve - without predetermining the detailed technical solution.

Interface & Constraint Register

The material boundaries between owners, operators, utilities, systems, permits, safety requirements and future loads.

Qualified Delivery Route

The capabilities, information and project steps required to move towards detailed engineering and accountable implementation.

Before generation, storage or new loads can be integrated, the electrical boundary of the site must be understood.

Grid Connection, transformers & protection

Every energy system is shaped by its point of connection.

Airports and connected energy sites

Start with one project. Keep the whole airport in view.

One site.
Multiple operators.
One coherent path forward.

Airport energy infrastructure is distributed across different operators, assets and investment decisions. BESS1 helps define the project boundary and identify a first module that creates value on its own while preserving future options.

An airport energy system is more than a collection of individual assets. It is a controlled architecture that coordinates supply, conversion, storage and demand within grid and operational constraints.

BESS1 structures this system logic and the critical interfaces required for accountable technical delivery.

System layers

• Airport operations: terminal, control tower, apron, aircraft stand, gate infrastructure and ground-support activities

• Energy supply: utility grid and grid interface, transformer and switchgear, rooftop, parking-canopy and ground-mounted PV

• Electrical backbone: the physical site network connecting grid supply, on-site generation, battery storage, airport loads and the future electrolysis interface

• Flexibility and control: battery energy storage, energy and microgrid management, metering, load coordination, charging and selected resilience functions

• Airside power and electrification: ground power, electric ground-support equipment, fleet charging and provision for future high-power aviation loads

• Logistics and critical infrastructure: logistics facilities, operational buildings and data and communications infrastructure

• Future eSAF and Power-to-Liquid interface: electrolysis, hydrogen buffer storage, carbon dioxide supply, separately integrated eSAF or PtL conversion, product storage and fuel logistics

How to read the system: The blue lines represent conceptual electrical connections between the utility grid, on-site generation, battery storage, airport loads and electrolysis. They do not indicate voltage levels, circuit configuration or protection design.

Neutral process lines show the hydrogen and carbon dioxide interfaces. The orange line represents the downstream fuel path from eSAF or PtL conversion to product storage and airport fuel logistics. The dashed boundary marks the future specialist eSAF and Power-to-Liquid scope.

Modules, connections and delivery responsibilities are defined for each project. This is a conceptual system architecture—not a single-line diagram, process-flow diagram or site-specific engineering design.

The required configuration follows the operating objective, technical constraints and commercial case. At aviation sites, detailed delivery must also account for glare, fire protection, aviation safety, access control, construction logistics and operational continuity.

Behind the strategy - System building blocks

One site. Multiple technical modules.

Peak reduction, solar self-consumption, load shifting, power-quality support and short-duration backup require different sizing and control strategies. Their technical and commercial compatibility must be demonstrated rather than assumed.

Battery storage (BESS) & energy management (EMS)

First define the duty. Then size the storage.

A battery only creates value when its operating task is clear.

The technical brief should establish:

• Use case and operating priority

• Power in MW, usable energy in MWh and target duration

• Cycle profile, state-of-charge strategy and required reserve

• Grid, transformer and control constraints

• Efficiency, degradation, availability and warranty assumptions

• Fire protection, separation, access and emergency response

Airside electrification & resilience

Electrification moves the constraint upstream.

Power, charging & critical loads.

Ground power units (GPU), pre-conditioned air (PCA), electric ground-support equipment and future aircraft charging shift energy demand from fuel to the airport's electrical infrastructure. The visible connection point is only the end of a wider supply chain.

Installed charger power alone does not define the infrastructure requirement. Flight and vehicle schedules, stand occupancy, turnaround and dwell times, arrival state of charge, charging profiles, simultaneity and operational priority determine the actual load at the grid connection and transformer system.

The charging point is only the visible end of the infrastructure.

Future electric-aircraft concepts may create charging demand from several hundred kilowatts into the megawatt range. This is a scenario input, not a universal airport design value.

Resilience follows the critical-load hierarchy.

Resilience begins with a different question: which loads must remain available, for how long and under which failure scenario? The resulting concept may combine load management, battery reserve, redundant supply paths, controllable generation and defined island or restart functions.

Resilience begins with a prioritised load list and a defined outage scenario.

Renewable generation or storage does not make a site automatically eSAF-ready. On-site production also depends on hydrogen and CO2 supply, water, land, safety, permits, product handling, certification and a viable commercial model.

The eSAF and Power-to-Liquid perspective

The process plant is only part of the project.
The power system that supplies it is the other.

Reliable eSAF production begins with reliable energy infrastructure.

Electrolysis and Power-to-Liquid processes depend on high-capacity, controllable and reliable electricity infrastructure. This energy layer - sometimes referred to as the power island - can combine renewable generation, grid connection, transformers, switchgear, storage where justified, energy management and resilient supply.

BESS1 structures the functional requirements and the interfaces between the site, the power system and the future process plant. Process technology and energy infrastructure can then advance as connected workstreams with defined technical and contractual boundaries.

Dynamic electrolysis & process loads

The interface requires more than a peak-load figure.

BESS1 structures this interface at functional level. The responsible electrolyser provider, energy EPC and Process EPC or EPCM validate the values, engineer the solution and assume the agreed performance obligations.

About BESS1

Strategic and technical advisory for energy infrastructure

Christoph leads BESS1 and is responsible for strategic advisory, client relationships and project qualification.

He connects the commercial and operational requirements of owners and operators with the technical capabilities required for implementation — from the first project definition through provider selection and delivery coordination.

BESS1 is a specialist advisory firm for complex energy-infrastructure projects. We work with owners, operators and project developers across airports, aviation-related infrastructure and future eSAF and Power-to-Liquid projects.

Our role is to turn an initial requirement, constraint or investment idea into a clear and technically credible project definition. We structure requirements, identify critical interfaces, coordinate specialist input and prepare the route towards engineering and implementation.

We advise before others engineer and build.

BESS1 remains provider-open. Detailed engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning and performance obligations remain with the appointed EPCs, technology providers and specialist contractors.

Christoph Börger

Founder

Strategy · Client Advisory · Project Qualification

Senior engineering expertise supports BESS1 in the technical assessment of electrical energy infrastructure.

The role provides technical scrutiny across grid interfaces, transformers, photovoltaic systems, battery storage, charging, energy management and resilience concepts and acts as an experienced counterpart to specialist engineers and EPCs.

Strategic advisory

Technical advisory

Senior Advisory

Senior Technical Advisors – Energy Systems

Grid · Transformers · PV · BESS · Charging · Resilience

Delivery network

Energy EPC & Technology Providers

Engineering · Procurement · Construction · Commissioning

Selected EPCs and specialist providers complement the BESS1 advisory team where projects move into engineering and implementation.

They remain independently responsible for their respective technical scope, engineering, delivery, warranties and performance obligations.

BESS1 leads the advisory and project-qualification process.
Senior specialists provide technical judgement.
EPCs and technology providers deliver the solution.

Senior expertise. Accountable delivery.

The next viable step

One defined need is enough to begin.

We support

• Airport operators, airport-owned companies and airpark developers

• Parking, logistics, commercial, data and infrastructure operators at or near airports

• eSAF, hydrogen and Power-to-Liquid project developers

• Site owners, investors and project sponsors preparing infrastructure decisions

For organisations that need a credible next step.

One defined need is enough to begin.

A grid constraint, new solar generation, storage, charging, resilient supply or a future process load. BESS1 will help structure the requirement and determine a credible route forward.

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Blueprint for Energy Storage Systems. 1 Standard.

Blueprint for Energy Storage Systems. 1 Standard.

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© 2026 BESS1. All rights reserved.

Transparency

Where BESS1 introduces an implementation provider, BESS1 may receive a project-related business-development or referral fee. A material remuneration relationship is disclosed before identifiable project information is transferred. The contracted provider remains responsible for its technical scope and delivery.

Related-party disclosure

BESS1 and the eSAF Alliance are operated by Christoph Börger. Inclusion in the directory follows the Alliance’s published representation criteria and does not constitute independent certification, technical validation or endorsement.

info@BESS1.com

Project consulting, qualification and business development for energy infrastructure, including airports, eSAF and Power-to-Liquid.